Innovation of batteries and inverters as energy saving technology without fuel

Kata Kunci: pembangkit listrik tanpa bbm, hemat energy, bbm, penerangan, kelurahan manggar Abstrak Energi listrik merupakan kebutuhan primer dalam kehidupan manusia modern. Namun dengan meningkatnya harga bbm, maka diperlukan sebuah teknologi yang tepat untuk mengatasinya, berupa inovasi aki dan inverter yang dikombinasikan menghasilkan output 220 volt ac yang kemampuannya sama dengan listrik PLN. Kegiatan PkM DPRM ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Manggar selama 3 hari yait@u tanggal 30 Juli, 3 Agustus dan 4 Agustus 2020 yang dihadiri oleh warga nelayan, pedagang gorengan dan karyawan Kelurahan Manggar itu sendiri. Alat yang dirancang berkapasitas 300 watt dan 1000 watt, disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan warga. Manfaatnya sangat meringankan penggunaan solar genset bagi warga nelayan yang semula Rp 108.000/bulan , kini menjadi Rp 0,. Demikian pula bagi pedagang gorengan, yang semula membayar listrik Rp 70.000 / bulan untuk penerangan di malam hari, kini menjadi Rp 0,-. Berdasarkan hasil kuisioner, peserta telah berhasil mengimplementasikan alat tersebut untuk menyalakan 1 titik lampu 10 watt, 1 kipas angina kecil dan 1 charger hp secara bersamaan selama 4 jam. Bahkan jika hanya salah 1 yang dinyalakan, misalkan 1 lampu 10 watt dapat bertahan selama 8 jam menurut penuturan pedagang gorengan. Sumber daya alat tersebut berasal dari aki 12 volt 5AH untuk kapasitas 300 watt dan aki 12 volt 8AH untuk kapasitas 1000 watt dan hanya membutuhkan waktu 2 jam untuk mengecharge aki tersebut jika telah soak.


INTRODUCTION
In this decade, Indonesia has entered the peak era of the energy crisis due to the impact of the increase in world oil prices reaching 75 US dollars / barrel in April 2019 (CNN, 2019). As a result, the price of domestic fuel oil has adjusted quite sharply, it is the price of premium gasoline, which was originally IDR 6,450.00 / liter (in 2018) to IDR 9,500.00 / liter (as of August 30, 2019) Diesel, which was previously IDR 7,000.00 (in 2018) increased to IDR 8,250.00 / liter (as of August 30, 2019). As of January 5, 2020, in East Kalimantan, the price of pertalite was IDR 7,850.00 / liter , non-subsidized diesel Rp. 9,300.00/liter, and subsidized diesel Rp. 6000.00/liter (CNBC, 2018). Electrical energy is a primary need in modern human life. Almost all aspects of life require electrical energy as the prime mover. In general, the source of human electrical energy apart from PLN is also from generator engines which mostly use fuel oil. The factor of increasing fuel oil and the increasing need for the population to use electricity has resulted in environmental and economic problems, especially for the middle to lower economic community (Juwito, 2012).
Based on this background, it is necessary to have the right solution in overcoming these economic difficulties, so it is necessary to design a power plant without using fuel oil, so that the use of electricity consumption for the lower middle class can be more efficient. One of solution is needed such as wind and solar energy, as was done by previous researchers, namely using the Hybrid Optimization Model For Electric method using wind and solar energy (Arota, 2013).
Other researchers have made a prototype generator steam power that has be tested for student practicum tools so that it canimprove students' knowledge and scientific thinking skills in learning energy conversion (Yani, 2018). In this community enagegement activity, using a 12 volt battery energy source with an additional inverter to convert the DC input source to 220 volt AC output. Several researchers have tested the ability of the inverter to generate alternative energy to replace PLN with the input source from the battery (Hutagulung, 2017) (Sinaga, 2016) (Mundus, 2010) (Wardhana, 2006).
The partners that choosen for this program are society in Kelurahan Manggar, whose works as fishermen and fried food seller. The urgent factors that are become the target of this community service activity (PkM) program include: 1. Train the society of Kelurahan Manggar in designing a power plant without fuel with a capacity of 1000 watts; 2. Testing the performance of a 1000 watt power plant without fuel based on the parameters of the output voltage and current strength; 3. Describe the time length of operation of a 1000 watt power plant without fuel; 4. Comparing the advantages of a power plant without fuel with a capacity of 1000 watts with a power plant using fuel with the same capacity, in 1000 watts; 5. Explained that power plants without fuel are more efficient than power plants using fuel in providing lighting for fishing boats and people's homes and for running the electrical equipment for fried food seller such as water machines and refrigerators, in addition to the use of electricity from PLN. Meanwhile, the ultimate goal of this PkM is to improve the welfare of partners who previously spent electricity usage costs of Rp. 108,000 / month to Rp. 0, -after using the power plant without fuel. This means that with the presence of this tool, the society have saved their electricity payments.

METHOD
The method of implementing this community service activity includes the following stages :

First Stage (Preparation)
This stage includes a survey of locations that are targeted by partners, it is in Kelurahan Manggar, Kecamatan Balikpapan Selatan, Kota Balikpapan. The problems faced by the community in Kelurahan Manggar are the increasing of fuel prices and the level of the community's economy is still classified as middle to lower class, most of them work as fishermen and fried food seller, so the team that proposes PkM activities will provide the right solution to increase the economic level of the community in Kelurahan Manggar, in the form of providing training on how to design a power plant without fuel for the needs of lighting the fishing boats and people's homes as well as for water machines and refrigerators for fried food seller.

Second Stage (Design of a power plant without fuel).
At this stage, the PkM team of DRPM 2020 has prepared 20 complete component units for partners (20 participants consisting of 11 fishermen, 3 housewives, 4 entrepreneurs and 2 employees in Kelurahan Manggar). Tools with a capacity of 300 watts are 19 units and one with a capacity of 1000 watts is 1 unit. Figure 1 below describes the process of designing a power plant without fuel until the testing stage.

Third Stage (Testing of Power Plants without fuel)
On the second day of the PkM activity, it is a symbolic testing phase to support the procession of handing over tools from the PkM DPRM team to partners.

Fourth Stage (Analysis and Discussion)
On third day (August 4, 2020), PkM activities were held by online. Each PkM participant and PkM team are provided with an internet quota according to online needs. The core activities in third day are participants were welcome to convey grievances and also suggestions and comments regarding all PkM activities that had been held for 2 days. Gratefully, the participants show high enthusiastic and positive response to this activity. They hope that in the following year, PkM activities will be held in Kelurahan Manggar with other technological innovations that can improve the welfare of fishermen and fried food seller.

Fifth Stage (Conclusion)
The PkM Team has succeeded in sharing the knowledge and technology of the power plant without fuel with partners in Kelurahan Manggar for 3 working days. The result is that fishermen and fried food seller are able to implement the power plant without fuel in their daily life, especially for lighting fishing boats, and other purposes.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The PkM DPRM 2020 activity was held for 3 days, there are July 30, August 3, and August 4, 2020, with 20 participants consist of (11 fishermen, 3 housewives, 4 entrepreneurs, and 2 employees of Kelurahan Manggar). The activity rundown for 3 working days, are bellow.

First Day (July 30, 2020)
The PkM team activities are held offline / face-to-face between the organizers (the team of PkM DRPM 2020) and the partners / hosts (the participants of PkM DRPM 2020).  At the end of the session, testing the equipment that had been designed was represented by a partner who works as a fisherman.

Second Day ( August 3, 2020 )
The team of Pkm DRPM 2020 activities on the second day were also carried out offline. The event rundown includes symbolic testing of a power plant without fuel that accompanied by signing the minutes of handover of 20 units (19 units of 300 watts capacity and 1 unit of 1000 watts capacity).

Third Day (August 4, 2020 )
The PkM activities on the third day were held by online. The Team has distributed internet quota to each participant. However, due to problems with unsupported cellphones, only 13 participants took part in online meeting on the last day (only Android phones supported the zoom meeting application). The rundown of the event began with the presentation of tips for making handsanityzers which was guided by the team leader of PkM DRPM 2020.  Based on the results of filling out the online questionnaire, from the PkM participants, it can be seen that the very real outcomes felt by partners, especially those who work as fishermen and fried food seller, are related to the benefits of power plants without fuel, there are: 1. For the lighting of fishing boats, they no longer use a generator, so the operating cost of the generator which was 180 liters / month (IDR. 1.080,000), becomes IDR 0, -after using the tool.
2. For fried food seller who sell at night, their source of lighting no longer draws PLN electricity from surrounding houses. So that lighting at night can be fulfilled with the implementation of these tools. Even while selling fried foods, they can charge their cellphone when the battery drops. This means that savings in electricity costs from IDR 540,000 / month to IDR 0, -. For important that the power source for this tool comes from a 12 volt 5AH battery for a 300 watt inverter capacity or a 12 volt 8AH battery for a 1000 watt inverter capacity. According to the narrative of 1 participant who works as a fry trader, the ability of a tool with a capacity of 300 watts is able to turn on 1 10 watt light point, 1 small fan and 1 cellphone charger simultaneously for 4 hours, even being able to last for 8 hours if you only turn on 1 light 10 watts. If the battery is worn out, it will take about 2 hours for the battery to be full. Meanwhile, a device with a capacity of 1000 watts is able to 2 lamps by 10 watt power, a water machine, and a refrigerator simultaneously for 2 hours. Based on this, the advantages of this tool for fishermen are presented in table 2.

CONCLUSIONS
The PkM DRPM 2020 activity lasted for 3 days (2 days offline and 1 day online) running successfully and smoothly. Thanks to the excellent cooperation between the organizing team and the partners of Kelurahan Manggar. The enthusiasm of the fishermen and fried food seller in participating in this activity looks real. Fishermen and fried food seller have started to implement these tools in their daily activities. The offline activities ended with the signing of the minutes of handing over the tools between the PkM DRPM team and the partners represented by the Head of Kelurahan Manggar. There were 20 tools handed over, there are 19 units of tools with a capacity of 300 watts and 1 unit of tools with a capacity of 1000 watts, submitted on August 3, 2020, directly attended by all PkM DPRM participants. The power generator is an assembly between a 12 volt 5 Ah battery with a 300 watt inverter equipped with a 2 ampere battery charger (19 units) and a 12 volt 8 Ah battery with a 1000 watt inverter equipped with a 4 ampere battery charger (1 unit). This tool has proven to be energy saving according to the statement of the PkM participants who have implemented it as a source of lighting at night.